Journal: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

Article Title: Rheumatic fever and long-term use of benzathine penicillin as possible risk factors for extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen in a Brazilian cohort

doi: 10.1186/s40942-024-00592-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multimodal imaging analysis of the anatomic and functional findings in a Brazilian patient with an EMAP-like appearance. A 60-year-old woman had a BCVA of < 1.3 in the right eye with stage 3 EMAP; the BCVA in the left eye with stage 2 EMAP was 1.0 logMAR. ( A , F) An UWF color fundus photograph shows central retinal atrophy, peripheral subretinal deposits, and a paving stone-like appearance in the right and left eyes, respectively. ( B , G ) UWF-FAF images show central and peripheral retinal atrophy. ( C , H ) Magnified images of the central retinal atrophy on FAF are seen in ( B and G ). ( C ) Two major areas of atrophy are seen. The sum of the central atrophic areas is 25.8 mm 2 . ( H ) In the left eye, the atrophy spares the foveal center. Therefore, two atrophic areas (orange rectangles) were added, and the total was subtracted from the area that spares the central region (white rectangle). As a result, the total central atrophic area in the left eye is 15.1 mm 2 . ( D , I ) The EDI-OCT images of the left and right eyes, respectively. ( D ) The image shows loss of the outer retina associated with RPE atrophy and a central area with subretinal fibrosis. The choroidal thickness is 149 μm. ( I ) The image shows loss of the outer retina. The RPE is present in the central area. RPE atrophy is seen in the paracentral area. The choroidal thickness is a 177 μm. ( E , J ) The mfERG shows a decreased P1-wave amplitude in the right and left eyes, respectively

Article Snippet: Color fundus imaging was performed to analyze the retinal findings using either ultra-wide field (UWF) images (Optos California ICG, Marlborough, MA, USA) (Fig. A, F) or conventional color fundus photographs (Canon CX-1-USA, Melville, NY, USA).

Techniques: Imaging, Functional Assay

Journal: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

Article Title: Rheumatic fever and long-term use of benzathine penicillin as possible risk factors for extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen in a Brazilian cohort

doi: 10.1186/s40942-024-00592-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multimodal imaging analysis of the anatomic findings in a 57-year-old Brazilian man with stage 3 EMAP. The bilateral BCVA is < 1.3 logMAR. ( A , F ) An UWF color fundus photograph shows central retinal atrophy, peripheral subretinal deposits, and a paving stone-like appearance in the right and left eyes, respectively. ( B , E ) UWF-FAF images show central and peripheral retinal atrophy in both eyes. (B) One major and three small areas of atrophy are seen. The sum of the central atrophic areas is 29.9 mm 2 . (E) One major and four small areas of atrophy are seen. The sum of the central atrophic areas is 37.1 mm 2 . ( C , F ) EDI-OCT images of the right and left eyes, respectively, show loss of the outer retina associated with RPE atrophy. ( C ) A paracentral area with subretinal fibrosis is identified. The choroidal thickness is 155 μm in ( C ) and 63 μm in the left eye

Article Snippet: Color fundus imaging was performed to analyze the retinal findings using either ultra-wide field (UWF) images (Optos California ICG, Marlborough, MA, USA) (Fig. A, F) or conventional color fundus photographs (Canon CX-1-USA, Melville, NY, USA).

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Frontiers in Ophthalmology

Article Title: Choroidal Vascularity Index in CHM Carriers

doi: 10.3389/fopht.2021.755058

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Ultra-Widefield (UWF) color fundus imaging and (B) Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) of the right eye of a 42-year-old CHM female carrier. UWF imaging shows large and irregular hypo-pigmented areas with yellowish deposits at the macula. (C) Long horizontal OCT B-scan at the fovea showing a preserved External Limiting Membrane (ELM) and slight irregularities of the Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) and RPE-Bruch’s membrane complex. (D) 9 mm horizontal OCT scan. The orange line indicates the SFCT. (E) The image was binarized using Niblack’s auto-local threshold to calculate the CVI; the binarization was performed using public domain software “Image J” trough an automated function. The dark pixels represent the luminal area and the white pixels the stromal area. (F) The CVI was calculated as the ratio between the Luminal Area (LA) and the total choroidal area (TCA). After uploading the images on Image J, a polygon tool was used to select the total choroid area (TCA-area between the yellow lines), with the RPE representing the anterior boundary of the TCA and the scleral-choroidal interface as the posterior boundary of the TCA, across the entire length of the scan.

Article Snippet: Moreover, all the patients underwent Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) and color fundus photographs (ultra-wide-field digital scanning laser technology, Daytona, Optos), Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT), and OCT Angiography (Triton, Topcon Medical Systems Inc, Oakland, NJ, USA), Full-Field standard ERG according to ISCEV protocols (RETIMAX, Roland Consult, Brandenburg, Germany), Goldmann Visual Field.

Techniques: Imaging, Membrane, Software

Journal: Frontiers in Ophthalmology

Article Title: Choroidal Vascularity Index in CHM Carriers

doi: 10.3389/fopht.2021.755058

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Ultra-Widefield (UWF) color fundus imaging and (B) Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) of the right eye of a 51-year-old female CHM carrier. FAF shows a normal appearance of the macula with multiple hypo-autofluorescent areas at the posterior pole and at the mid-periphery. (C) Long horizontal B-scan OCT passing through the fovea showing atrophy of the outer retinal layers (interdigitation zone, ellipsoid zone, outer nuclear layer) and RPE layer at the peripapillary area. (D) 9 mm horizontal B-scan OCT. The orange line indicates the SFCT. (E) The image was binarized using Niblack’s auto-local threshold in order to calculate the CVI. The binarization was performed using public domain software “Image J” through an automated function. The dark pixels represent the luminal area and the white pixels the stromal area. (F) The CVI was calculated as the ratio between the luminal area (LA) and the total choroidal area (TCA). After uploading the images on Image J, a polygon tool was used to select the total choroid area (TCA-area between the yellow lines), with the RPE as the anterior boundary of the TCA and the scleral-choroidal interface as the posterior boundary of the TCA, across the entire length of the scan.

Article Snippet: Moreover, all the patients underwent Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) and color fundus photographs (ultra-wide-field digital scanning laser technology, Daytona, Optos), Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT), and OCT Angiography (Triton, Topcon Medical Systems Inc, Oakland, NJ, USA), Full-Field standard ERG according to ISCEV protocols (RETIMAX, Roland Consult, Brandenburg, Germany), Goldmann Visual Field.

Techniques: Imaging, Software